The fact that morocco was able to keep its independence until 1912 considering france had occupied algeria since 1830 and declared tunisia a french protectorate in 1882 is a tribute to his enterprise and skill. Since france already held a protectorate over the entire country and controlled moroccos foreign affairs since 30 march 1912, it also held the power to delegate a zone to spanish protection. By the mid1800s, at a time when the influence of the ottoman empire was in decline, france and spain began taking a great interest in morocco. Britain will allow france freedom of action in morocco provided that the coast. Since france already held a protectorate over the entire country and controlled morocco s foreign affairs since 30 march 1912, it also held the power to delegate a zone to spanish protection. Apart from scholarship specifically focused on spanish morocco, the only books describing the nationalists in the north in detail are rezette, robert, les partis politiques marocains, paris. As well as dynastic and political events, this history examines the changing lives of ordinary moroccans, most of whom are poor and whose lives are shaped by their economic circumstances. In november, 1942 moroccan troops helped american troops evict vichy french troops and the german armistice commission from morocco. Moroccos largest city and major atlantic ocean port is casablanca. Morocco recognized the united states on june 23, 1786, when a treaty of peace and friendship was signed by u. Minister thomas barclay and sidi muhammad, sultan of morocco, at marrakech. This book meets the need for an uptodate history of modern morocco in english. Abdelaziz of morocco 24 february 1878 10 june 1943.
The culture of morocco refers to the culture or culturesbehaviors, customs, knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, etc. Morocco formally recognized the united states by signing a treaty of peace and friendship in 1786. The history of the city of casablanca in morocco has been one of many political and cultural changes. Publication date 1921 topics morocco history publisher edinburgh, london, w. Request pdf on feb 2, 2017, yasmina abouzzohour and others published the plight of the oulemas. As befits a whiggish interpretation, it dwells on the cumulative factors in the creation of a.
Morocco, mountainous country of western north africa that lies directly across the strait of gibraltar from spain. Library of congress federal research division country profile. The earliest known recorded history arose in ancient egypt, and later in nubia, the sahel, the. Unreliable and corrupt qaids were certainly removed from time to time but they were always hard to control because they knew their areas far better than officers of the affaires indigenes did, and easily dominated the. Although the country has returned to roughly its pre. Leo africanus leo africanus defined anfa as a city built by the romans in his famous descrittione dellafrica description of africa, written in the 16th century the area which is today casablanca was founded and settled by the berbers by about the 10th century bc.
Search for library items search for lists search for. From empire to independence the english historical. Information by peter kessler, with additional information from morocco since 1830. The moroccan monarchy, beginning with the idrisid dynasty, has a long history that predates the ninth century sater 3. This information is intended to familiarize military personnel with local customs and area knowledge in an. Ethical struggles and political involvement in postcolonial morocco and egypt find, read and. Morocco since 1830 is a welcome survey of the modern period pithy, argumentative, concise and engaging.
In 1902 a similar arrangement between france and spain provides for the proposed division between them of moroccan territory. Mediterranean politics a remarkable study of the political history of morocco should be the standard work on the subject for some time to come. The conquest of morocco tells the story of frances last great colonial adventure. Although the country has returned to roughly its precolonial. Free shipping and pickup in store on eligible orders. A brief history of the country of morocco thoughtco. Unreliable and corrupt qaids were certainly removed from time to time but they were always hard to control because they knew their areas far better than officers of the. The major emphasis is on political history, but it also deftly works in economic and social subjects. The decorative arts have a long and important history in morocco. Despite a longstanding consular presence, permanent diplomatic relations did not begin until 1905. Ethical struggles and political involvement in postcolonial morocco and egypt.
Sep 26, 20 a list best books to read before traveling to morocco. Morocco history, north african history, books barnes. The influence of harvests, access to land and water, and external trade are all explored. Morocco under french and spanish control, 19121956. Spain and her moroccan protectorate, 18981927, journal of contemporary history 10 april 1975. The surface area of the zone was about 20,948 km 2 8,088 sq mi, which represents 4.
This handbook provides basic reference information on morocco, including the geography, history, government, military forces, and the communications, and transportation network morocco. From the start, the woman question assumed particularly fraught and contentious dimensions whose repercussions can be. Morocco was the first nation with which the usa ever signed a treaty of peace and friendship, in june of 1786, and the two countries have been friends ever since. A history of the maghrib in the islamic period, cambridge university press, 1987. The current king, mohammed vi, is part of the alaouite dynasty thats ruled the country since the 17th century. Before that, the imazighen the free, unconquered people inhabited morocco since prehistoric times, long before empires and invaders left their mark, from the romans to the arabs, who brought islam. The arab maghreb union is made up of morocco, algeria, libya, mauritania, and tunisia. A history, c r pennell 2000, and from external links.
Although the country has returned to roughly its precolonial boundaries, morocco still. Unlike most country studies that stint on the earlier years to concentrate on more recent history, this book gives equal treatment to all periods the years before france colonized morocco in 1830, the. The history of marrakesh, a city in southern morocco, stretches back nearly a thousand years. The algerian leader abdelkader in 1844 took refuge from the french in morocco. France showed a strong interest in morocco as early as 1830. Morocco decline of traditional government 18301912. The rise and fall of the house of glaoua by gavin maxwell. Morocco s location and resources led to early competition among european powers in africa, beginning with successful portuguese efforts to control the atlantic coast in the 15th century. Although it was long not a member of the african union formerly organisation of african unity since november 12, 1984following the admission of the sahrawi arab democratic republic as the government of western sahara morocco remained involved in. One of the traditional elements of artistic expression in morocco is maghrebiandalusian art and architecture.
The maghreb since 1830 option offered to as part of m. In 1900 france and italy make a secret agreement assigning morocco to france and libya to italy. Morocco free speech and free press around the world. Morocco is very active in maghreb and african affairs. Drummond hay and muhammad iv, 1868 26 3 portrait of sultan hassan i 48 4 the main street of tangier, 1890 54 5 man on a bicycle, southern morocco, 1897 59. Morocco morocco decline of traditional government 18301912. At different times it has been governed by berber, roman, arab, portuguese, spanish, french, british, and moroccan regimes. A history of modern morocco morocco is notable for its stable and durable monarchy, its close ties with the west, its vibrant cultural life, and its centrality to regional politics. The marinids, who captured marrakesh in 1269, relocated the capital to fez, leaving. Moroccos location and resources led to early competition among european powers in africa, beginning with successful portuguese efforts to control the atlantic coast in the 15th century. Despite the nations shortlived french takeover from 1912 to 1955, the independent country of morocco is known for structure and stability compared to other arab countries free speech goes on trial in morocco. The algeciras conference 1906 that followed the first moroccan crisis formalized frances special interest in the region opposed by germany, and the treaty of fez 1912 made morocco a french protectorate. Bbc country profiles, and administrative divisions of countries.
The capital, rabat, lies a short distance to the north on the atlantic coast. At the turn of the twentieth century, morocco was a nation yet to emerge from the middle ages, ruled by local warlords and riven by religious fanaticism. A history of american popular culture since 1830 download. The alaouite dynasty, which has ruled morocco since 1649, claims descent from the prophet muhammad. This perspective is especially rich for french north africa algeria, tunisia, and morocco from 1830 until 1962 since the region and its peoples were subjected to intense forms of european settler colonialism. Request pdf on jan 1, 2002, alejandro colas and others published morocco since 1830.
Unlike most country studies that stint on the earlier years to concentrate on more recent history, this book gives equal treatment to all periods the years before france colonized morocco in 1830. Amazigh, arab, sahrawi, subsaharan african, mediterranean, andalusi, jewish, european, and more the majority of moroccos population identifies as berber and arab. Of these, the final 74 deal with the period since 1830, the period leading through the french protectorate from that of empire to that of independence, which the author has covered at greater length in his morocco since 1830. With the publication of this excellent book we now have the first real history of morocco since brignon as well as the firstever history of modern morocco in english a. Morocco has been the home of the berbers since the second millennium b. Moroccan culture is primarily muslim, and it represents a confluence of influences. Kingdoms of north africa morocco the history files. Jan 01, 2001 the first general history in english of morocco in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, morocco since 1830.
A history, page 183, it would be more difficult to remove a qaid who had a diploma. A history find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Best books to read before traveling to morocco morocco. During the french invasion of algeria in 1830, the sultan of morocco, mawlay. Morocco morocco decline of traditional government 1830 1912. This book, by distinguished historian susan gilson miller, offers a richly documented survey of modern moroccan history. Perkins, a history of modern tunisia cambridge university press, cambridge, 2004 douglas porch, the conquest of morocco alfred knopf, new york, 1982 john ruedy, modern algeria. But in the mad scramble for african colonies, morocco had one great attraction for the europeans. Beginning with the phoenicians, many foreigners have come to this area, some to trade or settle, others as invaders sweeping the land and dominating it.
In july 2011 voters in morocco approved a new constitution for the country. The history of africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans andat least 200,000 years agoanatomically modern humans homo sapiens, in east africa, and continues unbroken into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. Although it was long not a member of the african union formerly organisation of african unity since november 12, 1984following the admission of the sahrawi arab democratic republic as the government of western sahara morocco. Moroccos strategic location has shaped its history. Morocco s strategic location has shaped its history. Romans, vandals, visigoths, and byzantine greeks successively ruled the area.
A guide to the united states history of recognition, diplomatic, and consular relations, by country, since 1776. A history explores the profound changes that have affected social relations in morocco over the last 150 years, especially those between the sexes, and between linguistic identities and cultures. The origins and development of a nation bloomington. In 1996 morocco was given a new constitution and in 1999 mohammed vi became king. Anfa is a big city, built by the romans on the ocean shore.